tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-29489592209339502692024-02-08T09:28:19.964-08:00Kumpulan Tugas Makalah Mahasiswa Jurusan Manajemenpangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-74731343510664950262011-03-16T09:30:00.000-07:002011-03-16T09:30:40.907-07:00Makalah Pengantar manajemen<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Puji syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT. bahwa penulis telah menyelesaikan tugas mata kuliah Pengantar Manajemen dengan membahas penyakit endemik dalam bentuk makalah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam penyusunan tugas atau materi ini, tidak sedikit hambatan yang kami hadapi. Namun penulis menyadari bahwa kelancaran dalam penyusunan materi ini tidak lain berkat bantuan, dorongan dan bimbingan orang tua, kerabat dan teman-teman kami, sehingga kendala-kendala yang kami hadapi teratasi. Oleh karena itu kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :</span></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ibu guru bidang studi Pengantar Manajemen yang telah memberikan tugas, petunjuk, kepada kelompok kami sehingga kami termotivasi dan menyelesaikan tugas ini.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orang tua, teman dan kerabat yang telah turut membantu, membimbing, dan mengatasi berbagai kesulitan sehingga tugas ini selesai.</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Semoga materi ini dapat bermanfaat dan menjadi sumbangan pemikiran bagi pihak yang membutuhkan, khususnya bagi kami sehingga tujuan yang diharapkan dapat tercapai, Amiin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">DAFTAR ISI</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bab I</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendahuluan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I.1 Latar Belakang………………………………………………………………………….<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I.2 Rumusan Masalah……………………………………………………………………...<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bab II</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembahasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.1 Arti Penting Organisasi………………………………………………………………..<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.2 Struktur Organisasi …………………………………………………………………..<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.3 Teknik-teknik Pengorganisasian……………………………………………………...<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>15</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.4 Organisasi dalam Prespektif Islam…………………………………………………...<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kesimpulan………………………………………………………………………………...<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>18</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if !mso]> <style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
table.MsoTableGrid
{mso-style-name:"Table Grid";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-priority:59;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid black;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid black;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:text1;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="2050"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> <o:rules v:ext="edit"> <o:r id="V:Rule1" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1101"/> <o:r id="V:Rule2" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1066"/> <o:r id="V:Rule3" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1092"/> <o:r id="V:Rule4" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1047"/> <o:r id="V:Rule5" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1076"/> <o:r id="V:Rule6" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1033"/> <o:r id="V:Rule7" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1077"/> <o:r id="V:Rule8" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1064"/> <o:r id="V:Rule9" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1056"/> <o:r id="V:Rule10" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1035"/> <o:r id="V:Rule11" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1046"/> <o:r id="V:Rule12" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1102"/> <o:r id="V:Rule13" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1036"/> <o:r id="V:Rule14" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1085"/> <o:r id="V:Rule15" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1028"/> <o:r id="V:Rule16" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1083"/> <o:r id="V:Rule17" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1104"/> <o:r id="V:Rule18" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1065"/> <o:r id="V:Rule19" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1042"/> <o:r id="V:Rule20" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1039"/> <o:r id="V:Rule21" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1057"/> <o:r id="V:Rule22" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1094"/> <o:r id="V:Rule23" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1084"/> <o:r id="V:Rule24" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1054"/> <o:r id="V:Rule25" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1075"/> <o:r id="V:Rule26" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1091"/> <o:r id="V:Rule27" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1055"/> <o:r id="V:Rule28" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1027"/> <o:r id="V:Rule29" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1067"/> <o:r id="V:Rule30" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1086"/> <o:r id="V:Rule31" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1095"/> <o:r id="V:Rule32" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1073"/> <o:r id="V:Rule33" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1048"/> <o:r id="V:Rule34" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1096"/> <o:r id="V:Rule35" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1045"/> <o:r id="V:Rule36" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1044"/> <o:r id="V:Rule37" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1093"/> <o:r id="V:Rule38" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1103"/> <o:r id="V:Rule39" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1034"/> <o:r id="V:Rule40" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1063"/> <o:r id="V:Rule41" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1029"/> <o:r id="V:Rule42" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1030"/> <o:r id="V:Rule43" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1049"/> <o:r id="V:Rule44" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1074"/> <o:r id="V:Rule45" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1062"/> <o:r id="V:Rule46" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1078"/> </o:rules> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 1</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Latar Belakang</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keberadaan organisasi ( organization ) sebenarnya setua sejarah manusia di muka bumi ini. Sepanjang hidupnya manusia telah menggabungkan diri dengan orang lain untuk tujuan bersama, baik tujuan yang berbentuk tunggal (single goals ) maupun tujuan ganda ( multiple goals ). Tujuan organisasi juga direalisasikan baik tujuan yang berjangka pendek maupun yang berjangka panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Organisasi merupakan hal yang penting juga setelah perencanaan, karena suatu rencana tidak akan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan target jika tidak adanya suatu organisasi yang menangani.Berdasarkan Nickles dan Mc Hugh dan Mc Hugh ( 1997 )terdiri ada 4 bagian yaitu : perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengimplementasian, dan pengendalian. Ini menunjukkan bahwa organisasi adalah alat untuk menjalankan suatu rencana dalam memecahkan masalah dan untuk mencapai target yang ingin dicapai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rumusan Masalah</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan bagaimana Struktur Organisasi dalam suatu perusahaan ? </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan arti penting pengorganisasian dalam suatu perusahaan ?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan teknik-teknik pengorganisasian ?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan pemahaman tentang organisasi dan semua sub bab pembahasan dalam perspektif islam ?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB II</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.1 Arti Penting Organisasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengapa suatu organisasi dikatakan penting…?? Organisasi dikatakan penting karena organisasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>merupakan suatu wadah tempat berkumpulnya orang-orang yang bekerjasama guna mencapai tujuan dan target yang telah ditentukan. Ada 3 unsur dalam organisasi antara lain : kumpulan orang, kerjasama, dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Unsur-unsur organisasi merupakan dalam satu kesatuan organisasi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan antara yang satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Seperti yang telah kita ketahui bahwa organisasi merupakan tahapan ke dua setelah perencanaan, perencanaan tidak akan dapat dilakukan jika tidak ada suatu tim atau organisasi. Sedangkan pengorganisasianadalah pengelompokan aktivitas dalam suatu organisasi. Dalam suatu organisasi terdapat banyak aktivitas dalam mencapai tujuannya yang dikelompokkan ke dalam suatu kelompok organisasi yang memiliki beberapa bidang kegiatan. Masing – masing bidang kegiatan dalam organisasi itu memiliki kepentingan yang sama antara satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Satu hal yang sangat penting dalam organisasi adalah proses rancangan organisasi. Rancangan organisasi adalah suatu proses dalam pembuatan keputusan yang dilakukan oleh manager untuk memilih struktur organisasi yang sesuai dengan strategi yang telah ditetapkan organisasi, baik hubungan di dalam maupun di luar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lingkungan organisasi. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.2 Struktur Organisasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi adalah susunan dan hubungan antar bagian komponen dan posisi dalam suatu perkumpulan ( organizatinal structure can defined as the arragement and interrelation ship of the component parts and positions of a company ). Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986:243 ).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi menspesifikasikan pembagian aktivitas kerja dan menunjukkan bagaimana fungsi atau aktifitas yang beraneka macam dihubungkan sampai batas tertentu, juga menunjukkan tingkat spesialisasi aktivitas kerja Struktur Organisasi juga menunjukkan hierarki dan struktur otoritas organisasi serta memperlihatkan hubungan pelaporannya. Struktur organisasi memberikan stabilitas dan kontinuitas organisasi guna untuk mempertahankan suatu tim untuk mengkoordinasi hubungannya dengan lingkungan. Siswanto ( 2005:85)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gibson dan kawan-kawan (1980 ) menekankankan bahwa struktur bertalian dengan hubungan yang relatif pasti yang terdapat diantara pekerjaan dalam organisasi. Hubungan yang pasti timbul dari proses keputusan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of labor )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi ( depertementalization )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rentang kendali ( span of comtrol )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Delegasi ( delegation )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi pada dasarnya merupakan desain organisasi dimana manager melakukan alokasi sumber daya organisasi terutama yang terkait dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pembagian kerja sumber daya yang dimiliki organisasi, serta bagaimana keseluruhan kerja tersebut dapat dikoordinasikan dan dikomunikasikan, secara ilustratif struktur organisasi bisa digambarkan sebagai bagan organisasi ( organizational chart ).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" height="119" hspace="12" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" style="margin-bottom: 39px; margin-top: 38px;" width="451" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebagaimana yang telah dikemukakan oleh Stoner, Freeman, dan Gilbert ( 1995 ), ada empat pilar dalam pengorganisasian, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of work )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan pekerjaan (depertementalization )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penentuan relasi antar bagian dalam organisasi ( Hierarchy )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi ( coordination )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berdasarkan dari pernyataan yang berasal dari sumber yang berbeda, mengatakan bahwa “ empat dasar diatas itulah yang menjadi dasar untuk melakukan proses pengorganisasian “,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sebenarnya pengertiannya itu sama meskipun dari berbagai sumber, berdasarkan pembagian tersebut maka dari beberapa pilar dan proses keputusan dapat disimpulkan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian Kerja ( Division Of Work / Division Of Labor )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja juga dinamakan pembagian tenaga kerja ( Division of Labor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>), akan tetapi pembagian kerja lebih banyak digunakan karena pada dasarnya yang dibagi-bagi adalah pekerjaannya bukan tenaga kerjanya. Proses pembagian kerja dari keseluruhan akan menjadi lebih spesifik atau lebih sederhana dan detail jika keseluruhan pekerjaaan dapat dibagi-bagi berdasarkan kriteria tertentu yang lebih spesifik. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Permasalahan yang berhubungan dengan pembagian kerja bertalian dengan sampai seberapa jauh pekerjaan dispesialisasikan. Selururuh pekerjaan dispesialisasikan sampai suatu tingkat dan kemampuan untuk membagi pekerjaan diantara pemegang pekerjaan. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berikut keuntungan yang diperoleh dengan adanya spesialisasi pekerjaan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apabila suatu pekerjaan terdiri atas sedikit tugas, managemen mudah memberikan pelatihan pengganti bagi bawahan yang diberhentikan atau dimutasikan, karena aktivitas pelatihan yang minimum memerlukan alokasi biaya pelatihan yang rendah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Seorang bawahan dapat menjadi ahli dalam melaksanakan tugas jika pekerjaan atau tugas yang diberikan jumlahnya sedikit, sehingga akan menghasilkan keluaran atau hasil yang memuaskan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan Pekerjaan ( Departementalization )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah pekerjaan dispesifikkan, maka pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut dikelompokkan berdasarkan kriteria tertentu ynag sejenis. Proses penentuan deretan dan kedalaman pekerjaan individual bersifat analistis, yaitu jumlah tugas organisasi dipecah-pecah ke dalam beberapa tugas yang lebih kecil yang berurutan. Proses penggabungan pekerjaan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ke dalam kelompok inilah yang dinamakan sebagai <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">departementalisasi. </i></b>Sedangkan manajerial yang muncul adalah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>memilih suatu dasar bagi penggabungan pekerjaan tersebut. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Praktik departementalisasi sering didasarkan atas kebutuhan sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi Fungsional </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan pekerjaan dilakukan menurut fungsi organisasi. Beberapa organisasi lebih sering menggunakan dasar fungsional karena mudah dipahami orang. Beberapa kegiatan dari fungsi pengorganisasian, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengalokasikan sumber daya, merumuskan dan menetapkan tugas, menetapkan prosedur yang diprerlukan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Menetapkan struktur organisasi yang menunjukkan garis kewenangan dan tanggung jawab.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kegiatan perekrutan, penyeleksian, pelatihan, dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia/ tenaga kerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kegiatan penenmpatan sumber daya manusia pada posisi yang paling tepat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi Teritorial </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi teritorial dilakukan dengan cara pembentukan kelompok atas dasar bidang geografis. Bidang geografis ini menyangkut tugas seluruh operasi di suatu wilayah tertentu, logikanya bahwa semua aktifitas dalam daerah tertentu seharusnya ditugaskan kepada seorang manager. Manager tersebut akan bertugas melaksankan seluruh operasi dalam bidang goegrafis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Salah satu keuntungan dari pengelompokan ini adalah akan memberikan dasar pelatihan bagi tenaga managerial. Organisasi dapat memberikan pelatihan kepada para manager di daerah. Manager kemudian menilai program dan kemajuan daerah dan memberikan pandangan yangsangat berharga agar produk dan jasa diterima di lapangan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departemtalisasi Produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada organisasi bisnis besar atau perusahaan yang produknya beraneka ragam, aktivitas dan para pekerja yang dikelompokan atas tugas dan kegiatannya masing-masing. Bentuk organisasi ini memungkinkan bawahan atau para pekerja untuk mengembangkan seluruh keahliannya dalam penelitian, membuat, dan mendistribusikan suatu produk. Sentralisasi otoritas, tanggung jawab, dan tanggung gugat dalam departemen produk tertentu memungkinkan managemen mengkoordinasikan aktivitas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi Campuran Organisasi Divisional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi pelangan dilakukan dengan cara pembentukan kelompok atas dasar pelanggan. Misalnya, struktur organisasi dari lembaga pendidikan, departemen pinjaman bank komersial, toserba, pasar swalayan,dsb.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c. departementalisasi Pelanggan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Strategi campuran ini muncul karena para manager mencoba menanggulangi pertumbuhan, pergeseran dalam pasar, budidaya produk dan jasa, kebijakan pemerintah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penentuan Relasi antar Bagian dalam Organisasi ( Hierarki )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebenarnya antara hierarki dengan permasalahan yang rentan kendali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( Span Of Control )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itu merupakan satu bagian, mengapa…..? Karena Span Of Control adalah bagian dari hierarki. Sedangkan Hierarki ini memiliki dua konsep penting dalam proses penentuan hierarki, yaitu : Span of management control dan Chain Of Command. Span of management control terkait dengan jumlah orang atau bagian di bawah suatu departemen yang akan bertanggung jawab kepada departemen atau bagian tertentu, sedangkan Chain of command menjelaskan bagaiman batasan kewenangan dibuat dan siapa dan bagian mana akan melapor ke bagian mana. Chain of command juga menunjukkan garis perintah dalam sebuah organisasi dari hierarki yang paling tinggi kke hierarki yang paling rendah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>penentuan hierarki organisasi melalui penentuan Span Of Management Control dan Chain Of Command, manager perlu mempertimbangkan apakah akan menggunakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jenis hierarki yang bersifat horisontal ( flat hierarchy ) atau vertikal ( tall hierarchy ). Hierarki horisontal adalah bentuk struktur organisasi yang bagian organisasinya banyak ke samping dan meminimalkan jumlah sub bagian departemen. Sedangkan hierarki vertikal adalah bentuk struktur organisasi yang meminimalkan bagian-bagian organisasi kesamping secara horisontal, dan memperbanyak sub bagian atau departemen secara vertiakal. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lihat gambar di bawah ini </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar a. hierarki horisontal</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img height="193" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="422" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar b. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">hierarki </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">vertikal</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="19" width="133"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="375" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="422" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Koordinasi ( coordination )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bagian terakhir atau pilar terakhir dari proses pengorganisasian adalah koordinasi, namun di sumber lain ada yang mengatakan Delegasi kekuasaan, sebenarnya koordinasi dengan delegasi kekuasan itu cenderung memiliki arti yang sama. Karena Delegasi kekuasaan merupakan bagian dari koordinasi, dimana delegasi kekuasaan adalah penguasaan dan pengaturan yang ada di suatu struktur organisasi yang dikendalikan oleh wewenang masing-masing sesuai dengan garis struktur, yang menyebabkan adanya koordinasi antara penguasa yang paling tinggi atau yang disebut dengan direktur atau pimpinan hingga<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ke anak buah atau para pekerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi ( coordination ) sebagaimana menurut Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert ( 1995 ) pada dasarnya adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the process of integrating the activities of separate departments in order to pursue organizational goals effectively.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Koordinasi </b>adalah proses dalam mengintegrasikan seluruh aktifitas dari berbagai departemen atau bagian dalam organisasi agar tujuan organisasi bisa tercapai secara efektif. Tanpa koordinasi berbagai kegiatan yang dilakukan di setiap bagian organisasi tidak akan terarah dan cenderung membawa misi masing-masing.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b Delegasi ( Delegation of Authority )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Merupakan permasalah delegasi kekuasaan bertalin dengan keuntungan relatif dari desentralisasi, yaitu delegasi kekuasaan sampai pada tingkat paling rendah dalam hierarki manajerial. Konsep desenralisasi tidak berkenaan dengan penyebaran geografis unit-unit organisasiyang terpisah tetapi konsep tersebut berhubungan dengan hal yang didelegasikan kepada anager untuk mengambil keputusan tanpa persetujuan dari managemen yang lebh tinggi. Dalam beberapa segi, konsep tesebut berhubungan dengan pengaruhyang dimliki oleh seseorang karena karakteristik pribadinya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mintzberg ( 1983:304 ) mengemukakan bahwa setiap organisasi memiliki lima bagian dasar, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Operating Core</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Para karyawan yang melakuakan pekerjaan dasar yang berhubungan dengan produksi dari produksi dan jasa.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Strateic apex</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Manager puncak yang diberi tanggung jawab keseluruhan untuk organisasi yang bersangkutan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Middle Line </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Para manager yang menjadi penghubung Operating Core dengan strategic Apex</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Tehnostructure</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Para analisis yang memiliki tanggun jawab untuk meaksanakan bentuk standardisasi tertentu dalam organisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Support Staff</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Orang yang mengisi unit staff, yang member jasa pendukung tidak angsunkepada organisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jadi menurut Mintzberg, terdapat lima buah desainkonfigurasi yang masing-masing dihubungkan dan didominasi dari masing-masing tersebut. Jika kendali ada di operating core, maka keputusan akan didesentralisasi. Hal ini akan menciptakan biokrasi professional. Jka Strategi apex yang dominan maka kendali desentralisasi dan organisasi itu merupakan struktur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang sederhanaJika Middle Management yang mengendalikan maka akan ditemukan kelompo dari unit yang bekerja dalam sebuah struktur Divisional. Tetapi jika para analisis Technostructure yang dominan maka kendali akan dilakukan melalui Standardisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986 ) mengemukakan adanya 5 elemen yang berguna untuk menganalisis Struktur Organisasi, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spesialisasi Akivitas ( Specialization of Activities )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spesialisasi ini mengacu pada spesifikasi tugas individual dan kelompok kerja di seluruh organisasi ( pembagian kerja ) dan penyatuan tugas ke dalam unit kerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Standardisasi Aktivitas ( Standardization of Activities )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Standardisasi aktifitas merupakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prosedur yang digunakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>organisasi untukmenjamin kelayakdugaan ( predictability ) aktivitasya. Menstardisasi adalah menjadikan konsisten dan seragam. Dengan analisis ini maka manager berusaha untuk menstadardisasi keluaran organisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi Aktivitas </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi Aktivitas adalah prosedur yang memadukan funsi subunit dalam organisasi. Mekanisme standardisasi memudahkan untuk pengoodinasian pekerjaan aktifitas khususnya dalam organisasi yang tidakmemiliki aktifitas rumit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sentralisasi dan Desantrilisasi pengambilan keputusan ( Centralization and decentralization of decision making )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sentralisasi dan desantrilisasi pengambilan keputusan menacu pada lkasi otoritas pengambilan keputusan. Dalam struktur organisasi Disentralisasi keputusa diambil oleh top manager, dan gaya pengambilan keputusan dibagi diantara para bawahan pada hierarki manajemen menengah dan bawah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ukuran Unit Kerja ( size of the work unit )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ukuran unit kerja mengacu pada jumlah bawahan dalam satu kelompok kerja. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk memperlihatkan struktur organisasi,manager biasanya menyusun suatu bagan organisasi yang menggambarkan diagram fungsi, departemen, dll, yang menunjukkan hubungan satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bagan organisasi menambarkan lima aspek struktur organisasi yang utama, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of work )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Manager dan bawahan ( manager ane subordinates )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tipe pekerjaan yang dilaksanakan ( the type of work being performed )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan bagian pekerjaan ( the grouping of work segment )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Level Management ( the level of management )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -61.05pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keunggulan ( advantage ) bagan organisasi </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 87.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahwa para bawahan memilliki gambaran tentang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bagaimana organisasi distrukturkan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 87.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk mengetahui tugas dan wewenang setiap jabatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 87.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Memudahkan untuk menemukan orang yang bersangkutan jika ada seseorang yang diperlukan untuk menangani permasalahan yang spesifik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelemahan ( Disadvantage ) bagan organisasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Terdapat banyak hal yang samar atau tidak terlihat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">organisasi modern</b> terdapat 3 bentuk Struktur Organisasi yang secara formal disusun menurut fungsi, produk atau jasa, dan dalam bentuk matriks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi Fungsional </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi funsional menghmpun seluruh individu yang terlibat dalam suatu aktifitas atau beberapa aktifitas yang berkaitan dalam suatu departemen.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar Struktur Organisasi Fungsional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" height="204" hspace="72" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" width="415" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bentuk struktur organisasi fungsional seringkali digunakan oleh perusahaan keci yang menawarkan jajaran produk yang terbatas, karena memunkinkan sumber daya yang khusus dapat digunakan dengan seefisien. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986: 248 ) mengkutip karakteristik struktur fungsional </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tabel Karakteristik Struktur Fungsional </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 34.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 34.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keunggulan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( advantages )</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 34.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kelemahan </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Disadvantages )</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sesuai dengan lingkungan yang stabil</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menunjang pengembangan keahlian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memberi kesemptan bagi para spesialis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memerlukan koordinasi internala minimum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hanya sedikit memerlukan keterampilan antar pribadi</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada organisasi besar, respon lbih lambt diterima</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menyebabkan terjadinya penyumbatan, karena pelaksanaan tugas sekuensial</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kurang inovatif dan memiliki perspektif yang sempit</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dapat menimbulkan konflik tentang prioritas produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak menunjang berkembangnya manager umum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengaburkan Tanggung jawab atas tugas keseluruhan.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi Produk atau Pasar</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi berdasarkan produk atau pasar sering sekali dipandang sebagai organisasi menurut devisi yang menghimpun seluruh unit kerja yang terlibat dalam produksi dan pemasaran suatu produk. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi produk atau pasar sering digunakan oleh prusahaan besa dan perusahaan multiproduk. Pola utama atas pembagian produk atau pasar yang sering dianut adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian menurut Produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur ini tiap bagian bertanggung jawab atas suatu produk atau seperangkat produk yang saling berhubungan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lihat Grafik di bawah ini</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 374px; left: -30px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 5px; width: 660px; z-index: 20;"><img height="369" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="660" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">B. Pembagian Menurut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Geografis ( Division by Geography )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Versi ini menghimpun dalam suatu bagian, seluruh aktifitas yang dilaksanakan di wilayah tertentu di mana unit yang bersangutan melakukan operasina.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengaturan semacam ini dipandang logis manakala dengan pertimbangan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tentang :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber bahan baku</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Sumber bawahan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Pasar atau produk yang dihasilkan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar Struktur ini </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="18" width="2"><br />
</td> <td width="248"><br />
</td> <td width="128"><br />
</td> <td width="263"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="42"><br />
</td> <td><br />
</td> <td bgcolor="white" height="42" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="128"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 38;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal">Direktur utama</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="2"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="195"><br />
</td> <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top"><img height="195" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" width="639" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian Menurut Pelanggan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Versi ini terjadi apabila suatu divisi menjual hampir seluruh produksinya kepada kelompok pelangan tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi pelanggan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="40" width="34"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="168" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="498" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div style="border-bottom: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"> <div class="MsoTitle" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </div></div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur rganisasi produk memiliki keunggulan dan kelemahan. Karakteristik keungulan dan kelemahan struktur organisasi ersebut seperti dikemukakan Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986 : 252 )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Karakteristik Struktur Produk/Pasar</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keunggulan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Advantages )</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kelemahan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Disadvantages )</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sesuai dengan perubahan yang cepat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan adanya visibilitas yang tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan konsentrasi penuh terhadap tugas</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kejelasan tanggung jawab</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan pengolahan tugas ganda secara pararel</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memudahkan pelatihan bagi manager umum</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membantu perkembangan politik dalam alokasi sumber daya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kurang mendukung koordinasi aktivitas antar divisi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mendorong terabaikannya prioritas janka panjang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan menurunkan pendalaman kompetisi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menimbulkan konflik antara tugas divisi dengan prioritas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perusahaan </span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi Matriks</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada struktur organisasi matriks terdapat dua jenis desain sekaligus. Struktur organisasi berusaha memaksimumkan kelemahan dari struktur fungsional dan struktur produk atas pasar. Struktur organisasi matriks mencapai keseimbangan yang diinginkan dengan melapisi atau membubuhi suatu struktur otoritas horizontal, pengaruh, dan omunikasi. Adanya sistem otoritas ganda merupakan ciri khs dari struktur organisasi matriks.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi matriks ditemukan dalam organisasi yan memerlukan tanggapan terhadap perubahanyang cepat dalam dua sektor, sepertitknologidan pasar, yang menghadapi ketidakpastian dan memerlukan persyaratan tinggi mengenai pengolahan informasi serta harus mengahdapi keterbatasan sumber daya financial dan sumber daya manusia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar Struktur Organisasi Matriks</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 42px; left: 0px; margin-left: 224px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 151px; z-index: 67;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td bgcolor="white" height="42" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="151"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 67;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal">Direktur utama</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="10" width="40"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="250" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" width="544" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span><br />
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Toner dan Wankell ( 1986:254 )</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keunggulan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Advantages )</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kelemahan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Disadvantages )</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memrikan Fleksibilitas kepada organisasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Merangsang kerjasama antar disiplin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melibatkan dan menantang perorangan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengembangkan ketrampilan karyawan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membebaskan top managemen untuk perencanaan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memotiviasi perorangan untuk mengidentifikasi produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan para ahli ke wilayah penting apabila diperlukan</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Risiko timbulnya perasaan anarki</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mendorong pergulatan otoritas</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dapat mengarah pada diskusi daripada aksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menuntut ketrampilan antar pribadi yang tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Implementasinya memerlukan biaya yang tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Risiko duplikasi usaha oleh tim proyek</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berpengaruh terhadap moral kerja ketika personel diatur kembali</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II</span>. 3 Teknik Pengorganisasian</b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Pengorganisasian sebagai proses menunjuk pada rangkaian kegiatan yang menghidupkan suatu struktur organisasi tertentu (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, and Konopaske, 2006 : Champoux, J.E. 2003.), dan diterapkan dengan mempertimbangkan 4 (empat) faktor yakni: pertama, struktur organisasi harus merefleksikan tujuan-tujuan dan rancangan sebab aktivitas-aktivitas organisasi justru bersumber dari kedua aspek ini. Kedua, struktur itu hendaknya memberikan gambaran garis kekuasaan para manajer organisasi, dan hal ini bergantung pada tipe dan jenis organisasi. Ketiga, seperti halnya perencanaan, struktur organisasi harus merefleksikan lingkungannya baik yang menyangkut ekonomi, tek¬nologi, politik, sosial, maupun etik sehingga tidak akan bertentangan dengan ke semua faktor ini. Struktur organisasi harus dapat membantu kelompok/individu mencapai tujuan secara efisien di dalam situasi mendatang yang berubah-ubah. Tentu saja ia tidak boleh statis dan mekanis. Keempat, organisasi harus diisi dengan tenaga manusia. Penge¬lompokkan kegiatan dan pembagian kekuasaan yang terlihat pada struktur organisasi disesuaikan dengan kebiasaan dan batas kemampuan sese¬orang. Hal ini bukan berarti struktur organisasi itu dirancang untuk memenuhi perbedaan individual setiap personel, melainkan difokuskan pada tujuan-tujuan dan aktivitas organisasional. Suatu pertimbangan penting dalam merancang sebuah organisasi adalah jenis orang-orang yang akan dipekerjakan. Sebagaimana para insinyur mempertimbangkan kekuatan dan kelemahan jenis material yang akan dipergunakan dalam proyek-proyek mereka, begitu pula para organi¬sator mempertimbangkan bahan-bahan mereka yakni orang-orang. Setelah memperhatikan sejumlah prinsip proses pengorganisa¬sian itu, baru penyelenggara organisasi itu memulai kegiatannya secara sistematis, yaitu:</div><div class="MsoNormal">1. Mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokan sejumlah aktivitas yang diinginkan.<br />
2. Mengelompokan aktivitas menurut sumber dan situasi yang ada.<br />
3. Mendelegasikan kekuasaan pada anggota tertentu.<br />
4. Mengadakan koordinasi kekuasaan (wewenang) dan hubungan informasi.<br />
Proses demikian mengisyaratkan bahwa tahap-tahap pengorganisasian dimulai atas dasar tujuan-tujuan yang telah ditetapkan pada langkah perencanaan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II. 4 Organisasi dalam prespektif Islam</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di dalam islam, kepemimpinan itu biasa dikenal dengan istilah imarah, ri-asah, atau qiyadah. Semua bermakna sama. Islam telah melekatkan persoalan kepemimpinan ini atas diri umatnya, sedemikian rupa sehingga tidak boleh ada satu perkarapun dimana didalamnya melibatkan tiga orang, kecuali harus ada salah seorang diantara mereka yang menjadi pemimpinnya. Rasulullah saw bersabda:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Tidak boleh bagi tiga orang berada dimanapun dibumi ini, tanpa mengambil salah seorang diantara mereka sebagai amir “. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ini berarti islam telah mengajarkan berpolitik dalam perkara apa pun dengan keharusan ada seorang pemimpin disetiap perkara dan kehidupan kaum muslim. Di dalam kehidupan keluarga, didalam shalat berjamaah ada imamnya, di dalam perjalanan ada pemimpin perjalanan, di dalam khalifah haji/umroh ada pemimpinnya, di dalam pasukan terdapat komandannya, dan lain-lain termasuk di dalamnya adalah kepala negara, yang di dalam sistem pemerintaha islam dikenal dengan sebutan khalifah ia adalah pemimpin umum bagi seluruh kaum muslim dan dunia untuk menegakan hukum-hukum syariat islam dan mengembang dakwah islam keseluruh penjuru dunia. Pemimpin seperti inilah yang dinyatakan oleh hukun syariat agar masyarakat tertib dengan institusi kekhilafahan islam, dimana diwajibkan atas seluruh kaum muslim menegakan dan menjaganya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keharusan adanya seorang pemimpin dalam seluruh perkara, apalagi perkara besar seperti negara. Sebab tidak akan ada gunanya pelaksanaan suatu sistem apabila tidak ada orang yang memimpin pelaksanaan sistem tersebut. Oleh karena itu segeralah kalian berupaya untuk membaiat seorang khalifah selamatkanlah diri kalian dari kematian jahiliah segeralah kalian berperang dan berlindung di belakang khalifah yang kalian baiat. Rasululloh saw bersabda: “sesungguhnya imam adalah perisai dimana orang-orang berperang dan berlindung di belakangnya”. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam pandang islam pun berorganisasi diperlukan dalam memimpin maraih kemenangan demi kemenangan, bukan mengantarkan kalian pada kekalahan demi kekalahan. Untuk itu kita pun belajar bagaimana cara memimpin dalam suatu organisasi. Karena dalam berorganisasi mahasiswa memiliki nilai lebih, posisi mahasiswa aktivis menjadi idialisme bagi seorang mahasiswa yang patut dibanggakan. Namun memang kehidupan mahasiswa aktivis tidak sebaik kehidupan mahasiswa akademis. Dalam berbagai hal sangat jelas menunjukan perbedaan secara skill, intelektual dan etika sangat membanggakan Namun ia lemah dalam segi pengalaman. Sebab mahasiswa tersebut jika berhadapan dengan persoalan yang pelik. Karakter mahasiswa ini akan nampak sangat kaku dalam dalam menyelesaikan persoalan, bahkan cara menyelesaikan konflik-nya kurang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bab III</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">III.1 kesimpulan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">organisasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>merupakan suatu wadah tempat berkumpulnya orang-orang yang bekerjasama guna mencapai tujuan dan target yang telah ditentukan. Ada 3 unsur dalam organisasi antara lain : kumpulan orang, kerjasama, dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Unsur-unsur organisasi merupakan dalam satu kesatuan organisasi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan antara yang satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi adalah susunan dan hubungan antar bagian komponen dan posisi dalam suatu perkumpulan. Struktur organisasi menspesifikasikan pembagian aktivitas kerja dan menunjukkan bagaimana fungsi atau aktifitas yang beraneka macam dihubungkan sampai batas tertentu. Dan terbagi menjadi beberapa struktur yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of work )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan pekerjaan (depertementalization )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penentuan relasi antar bagian dalam organisasi ( Hierarchy )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi ( coordination )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Teknik Pengorganisasian sebagai proses menunjuk pada rangkaian kegiatan yang menghidupkan suatu struktur organisasi tertentu (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, and Konopaske, 2006 : Champoux, J.E. 2003.), dan diterapkan dengan mempertimbangkan 4 (empat) faktor yakni: pertama, struktur organisasi harus merefleksikan tujuan-tujuan dan rancangan.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">slam telah mengajarkan berpolitik dalam perkara apa pun dengan keharusan ada seorang pemimpin disetiap perkara dan kehidupan kaum muslim.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasulullah saw bersabda:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Tidak boleh bagi tiga orang berada dimanapun dibumi ini, tanpa mengambil salah seorang diantara mereka sebagai amir “. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Refrensi buku:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Siswanto bedjo, 2005. Pengantar Manajemen, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sule Ernie Trisnawati dan Kurniawan Saefullah, 2005. Pengantar Manajemen. Edisi pertama, Jakarta: Pernada Media</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bangun Wilson, 2008. Intisari Manajemen. Bandung: refika Aditama</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">George R. Terry dan Leslie W. Rue, cetakan ke <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sebelas, </i>Agustus 2010. Dasar-dasar manajemen:Bumi Aksara</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></div><!--[if !mso]> <style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
table.MsoTableGrid
{mso-style-name:"Table Grid";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-priority:59;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid black;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid black;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:text1;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="2050"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> <o:rules v:ext="edit"> <o:r id="V:Rule1" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1101"/> <o:r id="V:Rule2" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1066"/> <o:r id="V:Rule3" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1092"/> <o:r id="V:Rule4" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1047"/> <o:r id="V:Rule5" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1076"/> <o:r id="V:Rule6" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1033"/> <o:r id="V:Rule7" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1077"/> <o:r id="V:Rule8" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1064"/> <o:r id="V:Rule9" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1056"/> <o:r id="V:Rule10" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1035"/> <o:r id="V:Rule11" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1046"/> <o:r id="V:Rule12" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1102"/> <o:r id="V:Rule13" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1036"/> <o:r id="V:Rule14" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1085"/> <o:r id="V:Rule15" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1028"/> <o:r id="V:Rule16" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1083"/> <o:r id="V:Rule17" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1104"/> <o:r id="V:Rule18" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1065"/> <o:r id="V:Rule19" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1042"/> <o:r id="V:Rule20" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1039"/> <o:r id="V:Rule21" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1057"/> <o:r id="V:Rule22" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1094"/> <o:r id="V:Rule23" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1084"/> <o:r id="V:Rule24" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1054"/> <o:r id="V:Rule25" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1075"/> <o:r id="V:Rule26" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1091"/> <o:r id="V:Rule27" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1055"/> <o:r id="V:Rule28" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1027"/> <o:r id="V:Rule29" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1067"/> <o:r id="V:Rule30" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1086"/> <o:r id="V:Rule31" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1095"/> <o:r id="V:Rule32" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1073"/> <o:r id="V:Rule33" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1048"/> <o:r id="V:Rule34" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1096"/> <o:r id="V:Rule35" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1045"/> <o:r id="V:Rule36" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1044"/> <o:r id="V:Rule37" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1093"/> <o:r id="V:Rule38" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1103"/> <o:r id="V:Rule39" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1034"/> <o:r id="V:Rule40" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1063"/> <o:r id="V:Rule41" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1029"/> <o:r id="V:Rule42" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1030"/> <o:r id="V:Rule43" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1049"/> <o:r id="V:Rule44" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1074"/> <o:r id="V:Rule45" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1062"/> <o:r id="V:Rule46" type="connector" idref="#_x0000_s1078"/> </o:rules> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB 1</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Latar Belakang</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keberadaan organisasi ( organization ) sebenarnya setua sejarah manusia di muka bumi ini. Sepanjang hidupnya manusia telah menggabungkan diri dengan orang lain untuk tujuan bersama, baik tujuan yang berbentuk tunggal (single goals ) maupun tujuan ganda ( multiple goals ). Tujuan organisasi juga direalisasikan baik tujuan yang berjangka pendek maupun yang berjangka panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 15.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Organisasi merupakan hal yang penting juga setelah perencanaan, karena suatu rencana tidak akan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan target jika tidak adanya suatu organisasi yang menangani.Berdasarkan Nickles dan Mc Hugh dan Mc Hugh ( 1997 )terdiri ada 4 bagian yaitu : perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengimplementasian, dan pengendalian. Ini menunjukkan bahwa organisasi adalah alat untuk menjalankan suatu rencana dalam memecahkan masalah dan untuk mencapai target yang ingin dicapai.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rumusan Masalah</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan bagaimana Struktur Organisasi dalam suatu perusahaan ? </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan arti penting pengorganisasian dalam suatu perusahaan ?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan teknik-teknik pengorganisasian ?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jelaskan pemahaman tentang organisasi dan semua sub bab pembahasan dalam perspektif islam ?</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB II</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.1 Arti Penting Organisasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengapa suatu organisasi dikatakan penting…?? Organisasi dikatakan penting karena organisasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>merupakan suatu wadah tempat berkumpulnya orang-orang yang bekerjasama guna mencapai tujuan dan target yang telah ditentukan. Ada 3 unsur dalam organisasi antara lain : kumpulan orang, kerjasama, dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Unsur-unsur organisasi merupakan dalam satu kesatuan organisasi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan antara yang satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Seperti yang telah kita ketahui bahwa organisasi merupakan tahapan ke dua setelah perencanaan, perencanaan tidak akan dapat dilakukan jika tidak ada suatu tim atau organisasi. Sedangkan pengorganisasianadalah pengelompokan aktivitas dalam suatu organisasi. Dalam suatu organisasi terdapat banyak aktivitas dalam mencapai tujuannya yang dikelompokkan ke dalam suatu kelompok organisasi yang memiliki beberapa bidang kegiatan. Masing – masing bidang kegiatan dalam organisasi itu memiliki kepentingan yang sama antara satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Satu hal yang sangat penting dalam organisasi adalah proses rancangan organisasi. Rancangan organisasi adalah suatu proses dalam pembuatan keputusan yang dilakukan oleh manager untuk memilih struktur organisasi yang sesuai dengan strategi yang telah ditetapkan organisasi, baik hubungan di dalam maupun di luar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lingkungan organisasi. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II.2 Struktur Organisasi</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi adalah susunan dan hubungan antar bagian komponen dan posisi dalam suatu perkumpulan ( organizatinal structure can defined as the arragement and interrelation ship of the component parts and positions of a company ). Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986:243 ).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi menspesifikasikan pembagian aktivitas kerja dan menunjukkan bagaimana fungsi atau aktifitas yang beraneka macam dihubungkan sampai batas tertentu, juga menunjukkan tingkat spesialisasi aktivitas kerja Struktur Organisasi juga menunjukkan hierarki dan struktur otoritas organisasi serta memperlihatkan hubungan pelaporannya. Struktur organisasi memberikan stabilitas dan kontinuitas organisasi guna untuk mempertahankan suatu tim untuk mengkoordinasi hubungannya dengan lingkungan. Siswanto ( 2005:85)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gibson dan kawan-kawan (1980 ) menekankankan bahwa struktur bertalian dengan hubungan yang relatif pasti yang terdapat diantara pekerjaan dalam organisasi. Hubungan yang pasti timbul dari proses keputusan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of labor )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi ( depertementalization )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rentang kendali ( span of comtrol )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l20 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Delegasi ( delegation )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.75pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi pada dasarnya merupakan desain organisasi dimana manager melakukan alokasi sumber daya organisasi terutama yang terkait dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pembagian kerja sumber daya yang dimiliki organisasi, serta bagaimana keseluruhan kerja tersebut dapat dikoordinasikan dan dikomunikasikan, secara ilustratif struktur organisasi bisa digambarkan sebagai bagan organisasi ( organizational chart ).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" height="119" hspace="12" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" style="margin-bottom: 39px; margin-top: 38px;" width="451" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebagaimana yang telah dikemukakan oleh Stoner, Freeman, dan Gilbert ( 1995 ), ada empat pilar dalam pengorganisasian, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of work )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan pekerjaan (depertementalization )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penentuan relasi antar bagian dalam organisasi ( Hierarchy )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi ( coordination )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berdasarkan dari pernyataan yang berasal dari sumber yang berbeda, mengatakan bahwa “ empat dasar diatas itulah yang menjadi dasar untuk melakukan proses pengorganisasian “,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sebenarnya pengertiannya itu sama meskipun dari berbagai sumber, berdasarkan pembagian tersebut maka dari beberapa pilar dan proses keputusan dapat disimpulkan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian Kerja ( Division Of Work / Division Of Labor )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja juga dinamakan pembagian tenaga kerja ( Division of Labor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>), akan tetapi pembagian kerja lebih banyak digunakan karena pada dasarnya yang dibagi-bagi adalah pekerjaannya bukan tenaga kerjanya. Proses pembagian kerja dari keseluruhan akan menjadi lebih spesifik atau lebih sederhana dan detail jika keseluruhan pekerjaaan dapat dibagi-bagi berdasarkan kriteria tertentu yang lebih spesifik. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Permasalahan yang berhubungan dengan pembagian kerja bertalian dengan sampai seberapa jauh pekerjaan dispesialisasikan. Selururuh pekerjaan dispesialisasikan sampai suatu tingkat dan kemampuan untuk membagi pekerjaan diantara pemegang pekerjaan. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berikut keuntungan yang diperoleh dengan adanya spesialisasi pekerjaan, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apabila suatu pekerjaan terdiri atas sedikit tugas, managemen mudah memberikan pelatihan pengganti bagi bawahan yang diberhentikan atau dimutasikan, karena aktivitas pelatihan yang minimum memerlukan alokasi biaya pelatihan yang rendah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Seorang bawahan dapat menjadi ahli dalam melaksanakan tugas jika pekerjaan atau tugas yang diberikan jumlahnya sedikit, sehingga akan menghasilkan keluaran atau hasil yang memuaskan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan Pekerjaan ( Departementalization )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah pekerjaan dispesifikkan, maka pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut dikelompokkan berdasarkan kriteria tertentu ynag sejenis. Proses penentuan deretan dan kedalaman pekerjaan individual bersifat analistis, yaitu jumlah tugas organisasi dipecah-pecah ke dalam beberapa tugas yang lebih kecil yang berurutan. Proses penggabungan pekerjaan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ke dalam kelompok inilah yang dinamakan sebagai <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">departementalisasi. </i></b>Sedangkan manajerial yang muncul adalah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>memilih suatu dasar bagi penggabungan pekerjaan tersebut. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Praktik departementalisasi sering didasarkan atas kebutuhan sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi Fungsional </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan pekerjaan dilakukan menurut fungsi organisasi. Beberapa organisasi lebih sering menggunakan dasar fungsional karena mudah dipahami orang. Beberapa kegiatan dari fungsi pengorganisasian, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengalokasikan sumber daya, merumuskan dan menetapkan tugas, menetapkan prosedur yang diprerlukan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Menetapkan struktur organisasi yang menunjukkan garis kewenangan dan tanggung jawab.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kegiatan perekrutan, penyeleksian, pelatihan, dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia/ tenaga kerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kegiatan penenmpatan sumber daya manusia pada posisi yang paling tepat.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi Teritorial </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi teritorial dilakukan dengan cara pembentukan kelompok atas dasar bidang geografis. Bidang geografis ini menyangkut tugas seluruh operasi di suatu wilayah tertentu, logikanya bahwa semua aktifitas dalam daerah tertentu seharusnya ditugaskan kepada seorang manager. Manager tersebut akan bertugas melaksankan seluruh operasi dalam bidang goegrafis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Salah satu keuntungan dari pengelompokan ini adalah akan memberikan dasar pelatihan bagi tenaga managerial. Organisasi dapat memberikan pelatihan kepada para manager di daerah. Manager kemudian menilai program dan kemajuan daerah dan memberikan pandangan yangsangat berharga agar produk dan jasa diterima di lapangan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departemtalisasi Produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada organisasi bisnis besar atau perusahaan yang produknya beraneka ragam, aktivitas dan para pekerja yang dikelompokan atas tugas dan kegiatannya masing-masing. Bentuk organisasi ini memungkinkan bawahan atau para pekerja untuk mengembangkan seluruh keahliannya dalam penelitian, membuat, dan mendistribusikan suatu produk. Sentralisasi otoritas, tanggung jawab, dan tanggung gugat dalam departemen produk tertentu memungkinkan managemen mengkoordinasikan aktivitas.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi Campuran Organisasi Divisional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Departementalisasi pelangan dilakukan dengan cara pembentukan kelompok atas dasar pelanggan. Misalnya, struktur organisasi dari lembaga pendidikan, departemen pinjaman bank komersial, toserba, pasar swalayan,dsb.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c. departementalisasi Pelanggan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Strategi campuran ini muncul karena para manager mencoba menanggulangi pertumbuhan, pergeseran dalam pasar, budidaya produk dan jasa, kebijakan pemerintah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penentuan Relasi antar Bagian dalam Organisasi ( Hierarki )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebenarnya antara hierarki dengan permasalahan yang rentan kendali<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>( Span Of Control )<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itu merupakan satu bagian, mengapa…..? Karena Span Of Control adalah bagian dari hierarki. Sedangkan Hierarki ini memiliki dua konsep penting dalam proses penentuan hierarki, yaitu : Span of management control dan Chain Of Command. Span of management control terkait dengan jumlah orang atau bagian di bawah suatu departemen yang akan bertanggung jawab kepada departemen atau bagian tertentu, sedangkan Chain of command menjelaskan bagaiman batasan kewenangan dibuat dan siapa dan bagian mana akan melapor ke bagian mana. Chain of command juga menunjukkan garis perintah dalam sebuah organisasi dari hierarki yang paling tinggi kke hierarki yang paling rendah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>penentuan hierarki organisasi melalui penentuan Span Of Management Control dan Chain Of Command, manager perlu mempertimbangkan apakah akan menggunakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jenis hierarki yang bersifat horisontal ( flat hierarchy ) atau vertikal ( tall hierarchy ). Hierarki horisontal adalah bentuk struktur organisasi yang bagian organisasinya banyak ke samping dan meminimalkan jumlah sub bagian departemen. Sedangkan hierarki vertikal adalah bentuk struktur organisasi yang meminimalkan bagian-bagian organisasi kesamping secara horisontal, dan memperbanyak sub bagian atau departemen secara vertiakal. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lihat gambar di bawah ini </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar a. hierarki horisontal</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img height="193" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="422" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar b. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">hierarki </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">vertikal</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="19" width="133"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="375" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" width="422" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Koordinasi ( coordination )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bagian terakhir atau pilar terakhir dari proses pengorganisasian adalah koordinasi, namun di sumber lain ada yang mengatakan Delegasi kekuasaan, sebenarnya koordinasi dengan delegasi kekuasan itu cenderung memiliki arti yang sama. Karena Delegasi kekuasaan merupakan bagian dari koordinasi, dimana delegasi kekuasaan adalah penguasaan dan pengaturan yang ada di suatu struktur organisasi yang dikendalikan oleh wewenang masing-masing sesuai dengan garis struktur, yang menyebabkan adanya koordinasi antara penguasa yang paling tinggi atau yang disebut dengan direktur atau pimpinan hingga<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ke anak buah atau para pekerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi ( coordination ) sebagaimana menurut Stoner, Freeman, Gilbert ( 1995 ) pada dasarnya adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the process of integrating the activities of separate departments in order to pursue organizational goals effectively.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Koordinasi </b>adalah proses dalam mengintegrasikan seluruh aktifitas dari berbagai departemen atau bagian dalam organisasi agar tujuan organisasi bisa tercapai secara efektif. Tanpa koordinasi berbagai kegiatan yang dilakukan di setiap bagian organisasi tidak akan terarah dan cenderung membawa misi masing-masing.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b Delegasi ( Delegation of Authority )</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Merupakan permasalah delegasi kekuasaan bertalin dengan keuntungan relatif dari desentralisasi, yaitu delegasi kekuasaan sampai pada tingkat paling rendah dalam hierarki manajerial. Konsep desenralisasi tidak berkenaan dengan penyebaran geografis unit-unit organisasiyang terpisah tetapi konsep tersebut berhubungan dengan hal yang didelegasikan kepada anager untuk mengambil keputusan tanpa persetujuan dari managemen yang lebh tinggi. Dalam beberapa segi, konsep tesebut berhubungan dengan pengaruhyang dimliki oleh seseorang karena karakteristik pribadinya.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mintzberg ( 1983:304 ) mengemukakan bahwa setiap organisasi memiliki lima bagian dasar, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Operating Core</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Para karyawan yang melakuakan pekerjaan dasar yang berhubungan dengan produksi dari produksi dan jasa.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Strateic apex</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Manager puncak yang diberi tanggung jawab keseluruhan untuk organisasi yang bersangkutan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Middle Line </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Para manager yang menjadi penghubung Operating Core dengan strategic Apex</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Tehnostructure</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Para analisis yang memiliki tanggun jawab untuk meaksanakan bentuk standardisasi tertentu dalam organisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Support Staff</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Orang yang mengisi unit staff, yang member jasa pendukung tidak angsunkepada organisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jadi menurut Mintzberg, terdapat lima buah desainkonfigurasi yang masing-masing dihubungkan dan didominasi dari masing-masing tersebut. Jika kendali ada di operating core, maka keputusan akan didesentralisasi. Hal ini akan menciptakan biokrasi professional. Jka Strategi apex yang dominan maka kendali desentralisasi dan organisasi itu merupakan struktur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang sederhanaJika Middle Management yang mengendalikan maka akan ditemukan kelompo dari unit yang bekerja dalam sebuah struktur Divisional. Tetapi jika para analisis Technostructure yang dominan maka kendali akan dilakukan melalui Standardisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986 ) mengemukakan adanya 5 elemen yang berguna untuk menganalisis Struktur Organisasi, antara lain :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spesialisasi Akivitas ( Specialization of Activities )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spesialisasi ini mengacu pada spesifikasi tugas individual dan kelompok kerja di seluruh organisasi ( pembagian kerja ) dan penyatuan tugas ke dalam unit kerja.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Standardisasi Aktivitas ( Standardization of Activities )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Standardisasi aktifitas merupakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>prosedur yang digunakan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>organisasi untukmenjamin kelayakdugaan ( predictability ) aktivitasya. Menstardisasi adalah menjadikan konsisten dan seragam. Dengan analisis ini maka manager berusaha untuk menstadardisasi keluaran organisasi.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi Aktivitas </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi Aktivitas adalah prosedur yang memadukan funsi subunit dalam organisasi. Mekanisme standardisasi memudahkan untuk pengoodinasian pekerjaan aktifitas khususnya dalam organisasi yang tidakmemiliki aktifitas rumit.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sentralisasi dan Desantrilisasi pengambilan keputusan ( Centralization and decentralization of decision making )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sentralisasi dan desantrilisasi pengambilan keputusan menacu pada lkasi otoritas pengambilan keputusan. Dalam struktur organisasi Disentralisasi keputusa diambil oleh top manager, dan gaya pengambilan keputusan dibagi diantara para bawahan pada hierarki manajemen menengah dan bawah.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ukuran Unit Kerja ( size of the work unit )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ukuran unit kerja mengacu pada jumlah bawahan dalam satu kelompok kerja. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk memperlihatkan struktur organisasi,manager biasanya menyusun suatu bagan organisasi yang menggambarkan diagram fungsi, departemen, dll, yang menunjukkan hubungan satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bagan organisasi menambarkan lima aspek struktur organisasi yang utama, yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of work )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Manager dan bawahan ( manager ane subordinates )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tipe pekerjaan yang dilaksanakan ( the type of work being performed )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan bagian pekerjaan ( the grouping of work segment )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Level Management ( the level of management )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 110.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -61.05pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keunggulan ( advantage ) bagan organisasi </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 87.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahwa para bawahan memilliki gambaran tentang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bagaimana organisasi distrukturkan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 87.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk mengetahui tugas dan wewenang setiap jabatan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 87.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Memudahkan untuk menemukan orang yang bersangkutan jika ada seseorang yang diperlukan untuk menangani permasalahan yang spesifik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelemahan ( Disadvantage ) bagan organisasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Terdapat banyak hal yang samar atau tidak terlihat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">organisasi modern</b> terdapat 3 bentuk Struktur Organisasi yang secara formal disusun menurut fungsi, produk atau jasa, dan dalam bentuk matriks.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi Fungsional </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi funsional menghmpun seluruh individu yang terlibat dalam suatu aktifitas atau beberapa aktifitas yang berkaitan dalam suatu departemen.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar Struktur Organisasi Fungsional</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><img align="left" height="204" hspace="72" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" width="415" /><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bentuk struktur organisasi fungsional seringkali digunakan oleh perusahaan keci yang menawarkan jajaran produk yang terbatas, karena memunkinkan sumber daya yang khusus dapat digunakan dengan seefisien. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986: 248 ) mengkutip karakteristik struktur fungsional </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tabel Karakteristik Struktur Fungsional </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 34.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 34.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keunggulan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( advantages )</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 34.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kelemahan </span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Disadvantages )</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sesuai dengan lingkungan yang stabil</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menunjang pengembangan keahlian</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memberi kesemptan bagi para spesialis</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memerlukan koordinasi internala minimum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hanya sedikit memerlukan keterampilan antar pribadi</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada organisasi besar, respon lbih lambt diterima</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menyebabkan terjadinya penyumbatan, karena pelaksanaan tugas sekuensial</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kurang inovatif dan memiliki perspektif yang sempit</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dapat menimbulkan konflik tentang prioritas produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak menunjang berkembangnya manager umum</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengaburkan Tanggung jawab atas tugas keseluruhan.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi Produk atau Pasar</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi berdasarkan produk atau pasar sering sekali dipandang sebagai organisasi menurut devisi yang menghimpun seluruh unit kerja yang terlibat dalam produksi dan pemasaran suatu produk. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi produk atau pasar sering digunakan oleh prusahaan besa dan perusahaan multiproduk. Pola utama atas pembagian produk atau pasar yang sering dianut adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian menurut Produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur ini tiap bagian bertanggung jawab atas suatu produk atau seperangkat produk yang saling berhubungan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lihat Grafik di bawah ini</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 374px; left: -30px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 5px; width: 660px; z-index: 20;"><img height="369" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="660" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">B. Pembagian Menurut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Geografis ( Division by Geography )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Versi ini menghimpun dalam suatu bagian, seluruh aktifitas yang dilaksanakan di wilayah tertentu di mana unit yang bersangutan melakukan operasina.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengaturan semacam ini dipandang logis manakala dengan pertimbangan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tentang :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber bahan baku</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Sumber bawahan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Pasar atau produk yang dihasilkan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar Struktur ini </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="18" width="2"><br />
</td> <td width="248"><br />
</td> <td width="128"><br />
</td> <td width="263"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="42"><br />
</td> <td><br />
</td> <td bgcolor="white" height="42" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="128"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 38;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal">Direktur utama</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="2"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="195"><br />
</td> <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top"><img height="195" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.gif" width="639" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian Menurut Pelanggan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Versi ini terjadi apabila suatu divisi menjual hampir seluruh produksinya kepada kelompok pelangan tertentu.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi pelanggan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="40" width="34"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="168" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="498" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><br />
<div style="border-bottom: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"> <div class="MsoTitle" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #4F81BD 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </div></div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur rganisasi produk memiliki keunggulan dan kelemahan. Karakteristik keungulan dan kelemahan struktur organisasi ersebut seperti dikemukakan Stoner dan Wankell ( 1986 : 252 )</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Karakteristik Struktur Produk/Pasar</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keunggulan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Advantages )</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kelemahan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Disadvantages )</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sesuai dengan perubahan yang cepat</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan adanya visibilitas yang tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan konsentrasi penuh terhadap tugas</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kejelasan tanggung jawab</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan pengolahan tugas ganda secara pararel</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memudahkan pelatihan bagi manager umum</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membantu perkembangan politik dalam alokasi sumber daya</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kurang mendukung koordinasi aktivitas antar divisi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mendorong terabaikannya prioritas janka panjang</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan menurunkan pendalaman kompetisi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menimbulkan konflik antara tugas divisi dengan prioritas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perusahaan </span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur Organisasi Matriks</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada struktur organisasi matriks terdapat dua jenis desain sekaligus. Struktur organisasi berusaha memaksimumkan kelemahan dari struktur fungsional dan struktur produk atas pasar. Struktur organisasi matriks mencapai keseimbangan yang diinginkan dengan melapisi atau membubuhi suatu struktur otoritas horizontal, pengaruh, dan omunikasi. Adanya sistem otoritas ganda merupakan ciri khs dari struktur organisasi matriks.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi matriks ditemukan dalam organisasi yan memerlukan tanggapan terhadap perubahanyang cepat dalam dua sektor, sepertitknologidan pasar, yang menghadapi ketidakpastian dan memerlukan persyaratan tinggi mengenai pengolahan informasi serta harus mengahdapi keterbatasan sumber daya financial dan sumber daya manusia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar Struktur Organisasi Matriks</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 42px; left: 0px; margin-left: 224px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 151px; z-index: 67;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td bgcolor="white" height="42" style="background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="151"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 67;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td> <div class="shape" style="padding: 4.35pt 7.95pt 4.35pt 7.95pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal">Direktur utama</div></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></span> </td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="10" width="40"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="250" src="file:///C:/Users/ACER/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.gif" width="544" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span><br />
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Toner dan Wankell ( 1986:254 )</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keunggulan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Advantages )</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kelemahan </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Disadvantages )</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memrikan Fleksibilitas kepada organisasi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Merangsang kerjasama antar disiplin</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melibatkan dan menantang perorangan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengembangkan ketrampilan karyawan </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membebaskan top managemen untuk perencanaan</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memotiviasi perorangan untuk mengidentifikasi produk</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memungkinkan para ahli ke wilayah penting apabila diperlukan</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Risiko timbulnya perasaan anarki</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mendorong pergulatan otoritas</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dapat mengarah pada diskusi daripada aksi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menuntut ketrampilan antar pribadi yang tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Implementasinya memerlukan biaya yang tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Risiko duplikasi usaha oleh tim proyek</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berpengaruh terhadap moral kerja ketika personel diatur kembali</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II</span>. 3 Teknik Pengorganisasian</b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">Pengorganisasian sebagai proses menunjuk pada rangkaian kegiatan yang menghidupkan suatu struktur organisasi tertentu (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, and Konopaske, 2006 : Champoux, J.E. 2003.), dan diterapkan dengan mempertimbangkan 4 (empat) faktor yakni: pertama, struktur organisasi harus merefleksikan tujuan-tujuan dan rancangan sebab aktivitas-aktivitas organisasi justru bersumber dari kedua aspek ini. Kedua, struktur itu hendaknya memberikan gambaran garis kekuasaan para manajer organisasi, dan hal ini bergantung pada tipe dan jenis organisasi. Ketiga, seperti halnya perencanaan, struktur organisasi harus merefleksikan lingkungannya baik yang menyangkut ekonomi, tek¬nologi, politik, sosial, maupun etik sehingga tidak akan bertentangan dengan ke semua faktor ini. Struktur organisasi harus dapat membantu kelompok/individu mencapai tujuan secara efisien di dalam situasi mendatang yang berubah-ubah. Tentu saja ia tidak boleh statis dan mekanis. Keempat, organisasi harus diisi dengan tenaga manusia. Penge¬lompokkan kegiatan dan pembagian kekuasaan yang terlihat pada struktur organisasi disesuaikan dengan kebiasaan dan batas kemampuan sese¬orang. Hal ini bukan berarti struktur organisasi itu dirancang untuk memenuhi perbedaan individual setiap personel, melainkan difokuskan pada tujuan-tujuan dan aktivitas organisasional. Suatu pertimbangan penting dalam merancang sebuah organisasi adalah jenis orang-orang yang akan dipekerjakan. Sebagaimana para insinyur mempertimbangkan kekuatan dan kelemahan jenis material yang akan dipergunakan dalam proyek-proyek mereka, begitu pula para organi¬sator mempertimbangkan bahan-bahan mereka yakni orang-orang. Setelah memperhatikan sejumlah prinsip proses pengorganisa¬sian itu, baru penyelenggara organisasi itu memulai kegiatannya secara sistematis, yaitu:</div><div class="MsoNormal">1. Mengidentifikasi dan mengelompokan sejumlah aktivitas yang diinginkan.<br />
2. Mengelompokan aktivitas menurut sumber dan situasi yang ada.<br />
3. Mendelegasikan kekuasaan pada anggota tertentu.<br />
4. Mengadakan koordinasi kekuasaan (wewenang) dan hubungan informasi.<br />
Proses demikian mengisyaratkan bahwa tahap-tahap pengorganisasian dimulai atas dasar tujuan-tujuan yang telah ditetapkan pada langkah perencanaan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">II. 4 Organisasi dalam prespektif Islam</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di dalam islam, kepemimpinan itu biasa dikenal dengan istilah imarah, ri-asah, atau qiyadah. Semua bermakna sama. Islam telah melekatkan persoalan kepemimpinan ini atas diri umatnya, sedemikian rupa sehingga tidak boleh ada satu perkarapun dimana didalamnya melibatkan tiga orang, kecuali harus ada salah seorang diantara mereka yang menjadi pemimpinnya. Rasulullah saw bersabda:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Tidak boleh bagi tiga orang berada dimanapun dibumi ini, tanpa mengambil salah seorang diantara mereka sebagai amir “. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ini berarti islam telah mengajarkan berpolitik dalam perkara apa pun dengan keharusan ada seorang pemimpin disetiap perkara dan kehidupan kaum muslim. Di dalam kehidupan keluarga, didalam shalat berjamaah ada imamnya, di dalam perjalanan ada pemimpin perjalanan, di dalam khalifah haji/umroh ada pemimpinnya, di dalam pasukan terdapat komandannya, dan lain-lain termasuk di dalamnya adalah kepala negara, yang di dalam sistem pemerintaha islam dikenal dengan sebutan khalifah ia adalah pemimpin umum bagi seluruh kaum muslim dan dunia untuk menegakan hukum-hukum syariat islam dan mengembang dakwah islam keseluruh penjuru dunia. Pemimpin seperti inilah yang dinyatakan oleh hukun syariat agar masyarakat tertib dengan institusi kekhilafahan islam, dimana diwajibkan atas seluruh kaum muslim menegakan dan menjaganya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keharusan adanya seorang pemimpin dalam seluruh perkara, apalagi perkara besar seperti negara. Sebab tidak akan ada gunanya pelaksanaan suatu sistem apabila tidak ada orang yang memimpin pelaksanaan sistem tersebut. Oleh karena itu segeralah kalian berupaya untuk membaiat seorang khalifah selamatkanlah diri kalian dari kematian jahiliah segeralah kalian berperang dan berlindung di belakang khalifah yang kalian baiat. Rasululloh saw bersabda: “sesungguhnya imam adalah perisai dimana orang-orang berperang dan berlindung di belakangnya”. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam pandang islam pun berorganisasi diperlukan dalam memimpin maraih kemenangan demi kemenangan, bukan mengantarkan kalian pada kekalahan demi kekalahan. Untuk itu kita pun belajar bagaimana cara memimpin dalam suatu organisasi. Karena dalam berorganisasi mahasiswa memiliki nilai lebih, posisi mahasiswa aktivis menjadi idialisme bagi seorang mahasiswa yang patut dibanggakan. Namun memang kehidupan mahasiswa aktivis tidak sebaik kehidupan mahasiswa akademis. Dalam berbagai hal sangat jelas menunjukan perbedaan secara skill, intelektual dan etika sangat membanggakan Namun ia lemah dalam segi pengalaman. Sebab mahasiswa tersebut jika berhadapan dengan persoalan yang pelik. Karakter mahasiswa ini akan nampak sangat kaku dalam dalam menyelesaikan persoalan, bahkan cara menyelesaikan konflik-nya kurang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bab III</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 20.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">III.1 kesimpulan</span></b></div><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">organisasi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>merupakan suatu wadah tempat berkumpulnya orang-orang yang bekerjasama guna mencapai tujuan dan target yang telah ditentukan. Ada 3 unsur dalam organisasi antara lain : kumpulan orang, kerjasama, dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Unsur-unsur organisasi merupakan dalam satu kesatuan organisasi yang tidak dapat dipisahkan antara yang satu dengan yang lain.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Struktur organisasi adalah susunan dan hubungan antar bagian komponen dan posisi dalam suatu perkumpulan. Struktur organisasi menspesifikasikan pembagian aktivitas kerja dan menunjukkan bagaimana fungsi atau aktifitas yang beraneka macam dihubungkan sampai batas tertentu. Dan terbagi menjadi beberapa struktur yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 38.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembagian kerja ( division of work )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengelompokan pekerjaan (depertementalization )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penentuan relasi antar bagian dalam organisasi ( Hierarchy )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo24; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koordinasi ( coordination )</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Teknik Pengorganisasian sebagai proses menunjuk pada rangkaian kegiatan yang menghidupkan suatu struktur organisasi tertentu (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, and Konopaske, 2006 : Champoux, J.E. 2003.), dan diterapkan dengan mempertimbangkan 4 (empat) faktor yakni: pertama, struktur organisasi harus merefleksikan tujuan-tujuan dan rancangan.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">slam telah mengajarkan berpolitik dalam perkara apa pun dengan keharusan ada seorang pemimpin disetiap perkara dan kehidupan kaum muslim.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasulullah saw bersabda:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Tidak boleh bagi tiga orang berada dimanapun dibumi ini, tanpa mengambil salah seorang diantara mereka sebagai amir “. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Refrensi buku:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Siswanto bedjo, 2005. Pengantar Manajemen, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sule Ernie Trisnawati dan Kurniawan Saefullah, 2005. Pengantar Manajemen. Edisi pertama, Jakarta: Pernada Media</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bangun Wilson, 2008. Intisari Manajemen. Bandung: refika Aditama</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 84.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">George R. Terry dan Leslie W. Rue, cetakan ke <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sebelas, </i>Agustus 2010. Dasar-dasar manajemen:Bumi Aksara</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></div>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-11684060898186137462009-10-31T23:46:00.000-07:002009-10-31T23:47:02.196-07:00<div id="result_box" dir="ltr">Abdullah bin Abbas Storytelling <br /><br />Glory Some Companions of the Prophet SAW <br />Thabarani has issued from Rib'i bin Hirasy, once the event has come Abdullah ibn Abbas (Ibn Abbas) ra. requested permission to see Mu'aawiyah ra. and some of the Quraysh was in the Mu'aawiyah, and Said ibn al-Ash sat on his right. When Abdullah ibn Abbas went to the majlis Mu'aawiyah, he said to Said bin Al-Ash: Hi Said! By Allah, I will point out some problems to Ibn Abbas who can make it awkward to answer. Said Answer: People like Ibn Abbas, no anything that can hold rather than answer the questions!<br /><br />After Ibn `Abbas. sat, Mu'aawiyah then threw his first question, he said: "What is your view of the person Abu Bakr?" Mu'aawiyah asked. "I hope God bless Abu Bakr!" Ibn Abbas said. "That's it!" Mu'aawiyah asked again. "No!" Ibn Abbas said, "By Allah, he was very fond of reading the Qur'an, hate the crime, never made an abomination, do prohibit kemungkaran always, very professional about his religious affairs, to God is very scared, always wake up at night time, when continual daylight fast, always turned her world affairs, to the famous people of fairness, kindness meant to make it work, always give thanks in all things-it, morning and evening remembrance tongue, and abandoned himself to all benefits. He always exceeds his friends in kewara'an , in simplicity. in asceticism, the adequacy, in virtue, in completeness, in the kethaatan and adapt to all circumstances, then kerana it, hopefully God will lower his condemnation of anyone who hated to hinggalah doomsday! ".<br /><br />"Well", said Mu'aawiyah, "What did you think of Omar?". "I hope God bless Abu Hafs (Umar's nickname) was", said Ibn Abbas. "Is not that the defense Umar Islam, protector of orphans, the parent of faith, where the dependent people who are weak and where the return of all religious people. He is a fortress for all of humankind, where people beg for all. He fought to uphold the rights of God with full diligently and patiently, until that Allah, this religion to win the men busy, and opened a lot of countries under the vanquished enemy. Now as the name of God is spread in every valley and country, on every flat land and hills, there is every town and village page. In the words of evil he always distanced himself, in a hole and he remains grateful for the love, never stop the remembrance of God and always keep their promises. "For that, I hope God will lower his fury to anyone who hated him until the day regret on the Day of Resurrection! "<br /><br />Mu'aawiyah not say anything, but he wanted to ask Ibn 'Abbas about Usman bin Affan also came from his own tribe, the Bani Umaiyah, he said: "Now, you try to give your views to Uthman ibn Affan too?" Mu'aawiyah said. Ibn `Abbas. direct answer, he said: "I hope God's mercy is also the father of Amr's!" Ibn Abbas said. "He is noble, noble offspring, who told the family likes to help, and the battlefield is not afraid. He was in the night continued in a kneeling, bergenang tears when remembrance of God, day and night to bear thoughts, always moving toward nature glorified, always distanced themselves from acts which harm, to maintain themselves and find salvation. He took out his money to fund the troops tentera, and pay an expensive price to buy water resources for the common people, and he was also a daughter who married two noble Prophet . So I hope that God's wrath down upon anyone who chided him until the Day of Resurrection. "<br /><br />"Now, what did you say about 'Ali bin Abi Talib?" Mu'aawiyah asked too. "I hope God bless the Hasan's father," said Ibn Abbas. "He was, by Allah, is the banner of guidance, nest taqwa, sumbemya all reason and intelligence, the subject of all the beauty and perfection. He is the light that shines in the darkness, always take the right path and find a deep knowledge . He is an expert in interpreting the books of the ancient, an expert on the Koran pentakwilan noble, always adhere to the causes of religious guidance, always back attitude or abusive tyrant, always keep away from bad roads and perish, like juxtaposes themselves to those who believe that taqwanya very ketara. He is the best to those who bergamis and covering the head, primarily Seutama a pilgrimage then bersa'i too.<br /><br />Many of tolerance in all matters, it seems clear in the judicial justice anywhere, is very wise in speech and talk, no one who can beat him I'll come from all parts of nature and the world, only to be overcome is that all the Prophets and Apostles who have the virtue of God , especially the Prophet Muhammad, who maintained and especially in all the time and era. He is a man who had prayed with the Prophet, so they face toward the two mecca, is there anyone else who can match it? He has been married noble-noble women (ie, Siti Fatima bint Prophet), if anyone could like it? Then he also father to two very cucunda beloved Prophet, whether there is another higher excess thereof? Seeds both my eyes had never seen anyone like him, and probably will not be able to see for instance up to the Day of Resurrection, the day meeting with Allah, the Lord of hosts. So, who is cursed, then go down the curse of Allah and the curse of his servants to the people hinggalah the Day of Resurrection. "<br /><br />"Well, what you said to Talha and Az-Zubair?" Mu'aawiyah said. "I hope God bless them", said Ibn Abbas. "They both, for the sake of God, was cleared of allegations, both in practice, they are sacred and should be purified, a martyr in death, extensive knowledge .... they just tersilap, and I hope God will forgive them in kesilapannya that, thanks to his defense already known in this religion, and the eternal friendship with the noble Prophet, and kerana practices of those who either have no need to be introduced again. "<br /><br />"What do you say to Al-Abbas's (ie Ibn Abbas own father)?" Mu'aawiyah asked. "I hope God's mercy Abul Fadl, 'light Ibn Abbas," he was not someone else. He is brother to the Prophet Muhammad's father and become light eyes God's chosen people. Parent all his people, rulers of all the Prophet's uncle. His vision is very sharp in all cases, very precise telaahannya at all due. His name will be remembered when people called about his knowledge, no one who can match it when mentioned about the virtues, and if the discussion on the offspring, all people will kerana berundur themselves unable to compete with their offspring. Imagine! "For he was under the auspices and pets are very famous people glory in every way what on earth, and flying through the air carefree, namely Abdul Mutthalib. He is noble, noble Quraysh who walked on the earth, and the main person Seutama-riding vehicles ... "<br />Posted by prince jerk at 23:42 0 comments <br />Da'wah of the Prophet To Emperor <br />Bazzar has been reported from al-Kalbi Dihyah ra. he said: I have been sent by the Prophet Muhammad with a letter to the Emperor, the Roman dignitary. When I arrived in the country, I continue to come, then I submit the letter to him, was beside the red-skinned niece, and straight hair. He also read the letter, which reads (Nas's correspondence is in the Al-Wan-Nihayah Bidayah 3:83). "From Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, to Heraclius, the Roman dignitary."<br /><br />Hearing the sound of the letter, Roman dignitary began angrily, and then argue: "This letter should not be read now!" he grinned. "Why?" asked the Emperor. "She started with her name first before you. Then she called with a magnifying Rom, not the Maharaja Rom!". "No", greeted the Emperor, "let this letter read to know the contents". Letter of the Prophet continued to read until it is finished, and after all the bridesmaids, maid of the Emperor out of majlisnya, I was called to enter.<br /><br />At the same bishop who knows dipanggilkan intricacies of their religion. The Emperor then told the Bishop that, and once again read the letter. "This is what we always waiting for, and our Prophet Isa himself has told us a long time yet!" The bishop replied to the Emperor. "What do you think should I do?" asked the Emperor to the Bishop. "If you ask me, I would have believed it, and will follow his teachings," Bishop replied honestly. "But I was completely wrong", said the Emperor, "If I join your advice, will lose my kingdom!".<br /><br />We went out to leave the place. And what a coincidence, at that time, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was in Rome. Abu Sufyan was summoned by the emperor to his palace and asked about Muhammad's self.<br /><br />"Let you tell us about people who claim that the prophet in your country?" asked the Emperor. <br /><br />"He's a young man", replied Abu Sufyan. <br /><br />"What position in your society's view, he noble?". <br /><br />"About his position and his descendants, who did nothing more than his position and his descendants!" Abu Sufyan replied honestly.<br /><br />"This is certainly the signs of prophecy." The Emperor whispered to the people beside him. <br /><br />"How he talks, he always said is there really?" <br /><br />"Yes", replied Abu Sufyan. "He did not ever tell a lie". <br /><br />"This is again a prophetic sign of it!" Emperor continued to whisper to people who mengiringnya it. "Well", said the Emperor again. "People who were rnengikutnya of subjects, there he left his religion, then return the original to you?"<br /><br />"No", replied Abu Sufyan. <br /><br />"This is again a prophetic sign of it!" Besides the Emperor said. "Is there a war going on between you him?" <br /><br />"There!" Abu Sufyan replied. <br /><br />"Who always wins?" <br /><br />"Sometimes he beat us, and sometimes we beat him", explained Abu Sufyan. <br /><br />"This is again a prophetic sign!" Roman emperor's words. <br /><br />Dihyah said ra al-Kalbi. so: So I was summoned by the Roman Emperor, as he said to me: "Convey to pembesarmu news was, that I knew he was right the Prophet", he showed the true face in his words. "But what power", he said, "I can not do anything, I'm not willing kerana uprooted from my kingdom!" Said Al-Kalbi Dihyah ra. is up to all these events.<br /><br />As for the Bishop it all, then ramailah people who come to church every Sunday. He continued to meet them and deliver all the Christianity. It's worked every day Sunday. But when Sunday came days after the meeting, he continued to stay at home, no going out as usual. After introductions the first day, indeed I often come to him to talk about the Islamic religion, and he constantly asked me about the Prophet Muhammad.<br /><br />The next Sunday, the bishop kept silent, and disappointed crowd waited, but he did not come. Then came home people asked how, he asked diuzurkan kerana ill. The same thing is going so many times, so that people suspect. They then sent a messenger to the bishop, giving him a warning, if you do not want to come to church to deliver his teachings, they will pour into his house and kill him, because they had thought that since the arrival of the Arabs was to Rum , Bishop attitude has changed a lot.<br /><br />Roman bishops were also called to come to his house. "This is my letter, take it and leave to pembesarmu it", Bishop's message to heart is not calm. "Say hello to him, and let you know that I testify there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is bahawasanya the Messenger of Allah. Tell me, too, that I believe him, trust him, and became his followers. And my nation has denied all the words and advice, then you also tell me what you see it ", Bishop's message to me. When Bishop was reluctant to come to church again, they are angry, then they killed him. (Al-Haithami: Majma'uz-Zawa'id 8:236-237. Nu'Alm Abu also narrated the same story, but briefly, in Dalaa'ilun-Nubuwah, pp. 121.)<br /><br />Abdan reported from Ibn Isaac menukil from several people who know this event, he said that Heraclius said to Al-Kalbi Dihyah ra. "Unfortunately you are, indeed, by Allah, I know that it is pembesarmu Prophet who was sent, and he is someone who we wait for this, and nature is in our book. However, what power, I doubt I would be subverted from the kingdom. If kerana not it, of course I will follow him. Let you go to the Bishop and tell us about it pembesarmu case, kerana bishop was more respected men of religion and speech that it is more acceptable! ".<br /><br />So even get Dihyah bishop and told him he had brought the news that, after hearing all the news, the Bishop said: "Pembesarmu that, for the sake of God, was a prophet who is sent, we know the nature and name!" Bishop was then removed his church clothes, and replace it with white clothing. He went out in public with a mengisytiharkan penyaksiannya Islam. People crowded around him and kill him too. (Al-Ishabah 2:216)<br />Posted by prince jerk at 23:40 0 comments <br />The journey to Ta'if <br />Bukhari narrated from Urwa, that Aisha ra. wife of the Prophet asked the Prophet Muhammad said: 'Is there another day that you feel heavier than the day of Uhud? " A'ishah asked. 'Yes, there are many things that I bear the weight of your nation, and the hardest is what I met on that first day of Aqabah. I asked myself the son of the protection Yalel bin Abdi Abdi Kilai, but unfortunately he did not approve my request! 'I went away from there, my heart was very sad, and my face was grim, I kept walking and walking, and I did not realize it after I got Qarnis-Tsa'alib. I even lifted my head, I suddenly see a set of clouds that have meneduhkanku, I see again, then I saw the Angel Gabriel alaihis-salam was there, he menyeruku: 'O Muhammad! Allah has heard what your people said, and what did not answer. Now God has sent you with the Angel who guarded these hills, then enjoin him what you want and if you want him to squeeze both of the two hills of Abu Qubais and Ahmar was upon them, surely he'll do it! " And the same was also the angel guards the hills were calling my name, and greeted me, he said: 'O Muhammad! " The angel then told me what was said by the angel Gabriel said the U.S.. 'Give me your instructions, if you want to squeeze the two hills I was even necessary I'll do! " 'Do not ... no! In fact, I hope God will remove the backbone of their descendants who will worship Allah alone, not with anything disekutukanNya ... ! ', So the Prophet said.<br /><br />Musa ibn 'Uqbah mentioned in the book' Al-Maghazi 'from Ibn Shihab said, that the Prophet Muhammad when his uncle, Abu Talib, died he was out into Ta'if with the hope that people will protect him there. Then he met the three leaders Tsaqif, and they were brothers, namely: Abdi Yalel, Khubaib and Mas'ud of Banu 'Amr. He offered them to protect him and denounce what he does and made by his people against him after the death of Abu Talib, but not only them menolakbeliau, but they menghalaunya and what does not treat properly. (6:198 Bari Fath - from sources Ibn Ishak, Shahjh Bukhari 1:458, and this news was issued also by the Muslims and Nasa'i).<br /><br />Abu Na'em lengkapl preach with more than Urwa bin Az-Zubair ra. he said: When Abu Talib died, the more the Quraysh bertambahlah torture upon his Prophet then went to Ta'if to meet with the tribe Tsaqif with full hope, that they will be able to protect and defend it. He met three people from the tribal leaders Tsaqif, and they also are brothers, namely: Yalel Abdi, Kbubaib and Mas'ud, all of them the sons of 'Amr, and he offered himself to be given protection, in addition to denounce his evil deeds Quraysh against him, and what was inflicted upon his followers. So says one of them: I am going to steal netting Kaaba, if it is true God sent you something like that you say that?! Others also said: By Allah, I can not berkatakata thee, though one kalimah after this meeting, because if you are really a messenger of Allah, you shall be a person of high rank position and large, I certainly can not speak again to you?! And the last one also said: Is God to be so weak to send someone other than you? All the words RasuluUah leaders SAW Tsaqif to spread very quickly to spare his people, and they had gathered, taunting him with ngejek words.<br /><br />Then when he wanted to go left Ta'if, they marched in the course of two rows, they took a stone and threw him, every foot he rocks on his body so that all wounds bleeding, and while they throw, They mock and revile. Once free from the tribe acts Tsaqif it, he looks a lush vineyards there. He stopped at one of the trees to rest and clean up the blood that flows from the feet and other body, his heart was so heartsick and sorry for the treatment of Ta'if.<br /><br />Soon terlihatlah Utbah bin bin Abi Shaybah Rabi'a and new Rabi'a got there. He reluctantly came to see them, because of their enmity against God and the Apostles and their opposition to the religion sent by God to him. But Abi Shaybah Utbah and had ordered their slave named Addas to come to him with a little wine for her, and this Addas is a Christian religion of the country Niniva (the old city of Iraq). When Addas came with a little wine for him, so he had to eat it, and before that read "Bismillah!" Addas surprised to hear that, kerana have never heard of people read anything like it before.<br /><br />'What's your name? " Prophet asked 'Addas! " 'Where are you? " he asked again. 'From the country Niniva! " Addas said. 'Oh, from the town a pious prophet, Jonah bin Matta! " Prophet hear it, Addas be more surprised how this person knew about the prophet Jonah bin Matta? He can not wait to know, while his master Utbah and Abi Shaybah see only the visible behavior of his subjects so intimate with the Prophet. 'Where did you know about Jonah bin Matta?! " Addas surprise. 'He was a prophet sent by God brought the religion to his people,' he replied. He then told what he knew about the prophet Jonah was the U.S., and has become his nature, he never memperkecilkan anyone sent by God to bring his mission. Hear all the details of the Prophet Muhammad stronger Addas believe that the person speaking to him this was a prophet sent by God. Then he bowed his head to him, kissing both his footprints full of blood.<br /><br />Viewing behavior of this last Addas, and Abi Shaybah Utbah increasingly wonder what made the servant. When Addas returned to them, they then asked: 'Addas! Come hither! " call them. Addas came to his master if there are orders waiting to be sent. 'What did you do to people was that? " 'No nothing! " Addas said. 'We see you bow your head to him, then you menciurn both legs, but we've never seen you act like that to someone else?! " Addas quieted myself, did not answer. 'Why silent? Tell us, we want to know? " pleaded Utbah and Abi Shaybah. 'The man was a good man, he told me about a Messenger of Allah or the Prophet who was sent to the us, "Addas said. 'What's his name that Prophet? " 'Jonah bin Matta' Addas replied again. 'And then? " 'He said, he was also the Prophet who was sent!' Addas was telling the truth. 'He's Prophet! " Abi Shaybah Utbah and laughing, was silenced self Addas attitudes melihatkan who deny the truth of God. 'Uh, you are not a Christian? " 'Yes,' Addas replied. 'Keep it in kristenmu it! Do not be fooled by the words of that guy! " Utbah and Abi Shaybah reminded Addas. 'He's a liar, you know! " Addas kept silence him. After that, Rasuluilah SAW back to Mecca with a disappointed heart. (Dala'ilun-Nubuwah, pp. 103)<br />Posted by prince jerk at 23:38 0 comments <br />Suffering of the Prophet SAW (2) <br />Bukhari narrated from Urwa r.a. he said: I asked Amr ibn al-Ash ra. about what the Prophet dideritai when people call people he converted to Islam, I said: 'Tell me about the most cruel acts ever made by the idolaters against the Prophet Muhammad? So 'Amr said: When the Prophet was in Hijir Kaaba, suddenly came' Uqbah ibn Abu Mu'aith, then wrapped a piece of cloth on his neck and with a strong dicekiknya. Then immediately also come Abu Bakr. then dipautnya shoulder ditariknyanya 'Uqbah and loose with the strong hand of the Prophet's neck. Abu Bakr said to 'Uqbah:' Are you going to kill people who say 'My Lord is Allah! " when he had brought the information from your Lord! " (Al-Wan-Nihayah Bidayah 3:46)<br /><br />A history issued by Ibn Abi Abi Shaybah, from 'Amr ibn al-Ash ra. he said: I never saw the Quraysh who want to kill the Prophet Muhammad as I see in one day under the cover of the Kaaba. They agreed he was planning to murder them sitting on the side of the Kaaba. When Prophet Muhammad came and prayed at the Maqam, and then wake up 'Uqbah ibn Abu Mu'aith to the Prophet Muhammad and ridaknya cloth to wrap his neck, then disentaknya with very strong, so he fell down on his knees. People who are busy in there screaming, thinking he had died of strangulation 'Uqbah hard from it. So when it was immediately Abu Bakr. come and release the stranglehold of the Prophet Muhammad 'Uqbah it from behind, and say: What's this? Are there any you want to kill people who say 'My Lord is Allah! " 'Uqbah berundur immediately from the SAW Rasuluilah back into society friends that Quraysh leaders. Rasulullah saw it just be patient, do not say anything. He then stood up to pray, and after completion prayer and when to return to his home, he stopped briefly in front of the leaders of Quraish and said: 'O Quraysh! For the soul of Muhammad, who was in the hands of God! I was sent to you to slaughter you! " then he hinted his hand on his throat, which he rnenjanjikan them that they would be killed. 'Ah, this is all nonsense! " Abu Jahl said, denying that the threat of the Prophet. 'Remember I said this, that you are one of which will be killed! " while pointing his finger into the face of Abu Jahl. (Kanzul Ummal 2:327)<br />Posted by prince jerk at 05:52 0 comments <br />Suffering of the Prophet SAW (1) <br />Bayhaqi reported from Abdullah bin Ja'far ra. he said: When Abu Talib had died, the Prophet began to be disturbed and challenged openly. One event, he was intercepted on the street by one of the bad boys of Quraish, diraupnya ground and thrown into his face, but he did not return anything.<br />When he arrived home, came one of his daughters, then he washed it off the ground, weeping bitterly to see his father treated people like that. So said the Prophet Muhammad's daughter: 'O my daughter! Do not you cry so, God will protect your father! " he persuaded his daughter's.<br />He once said: Before it was the Quraysh did not dare to make something like this to me, until that after Abu Talib's death, they began to bother me and screwed up my peace. In another narration, he said sorry to him for the evil deeds that Quraysh: O uncle! What bothers them segeranya after thee gone from my eyes!<br />(Hilyat Auliya 8:308; Al-Bidayah Wan-Nihayah 3:134) <br />Thabarani been reported from Al-Harith bin Al-Harith who told this incident, he said: When I saw the crowds gathered there, I was in a hurry to come to it, took my father's hand that guided me then, and I asked my father: 'What is it that the crowds gathered here, dad? " 'They had gathered to disrupt the youth of Quraysh who traded his ancestors religion! " my father replied. We had stopped there to see what happens. I saw the Prophet Muhammad to invite people crowded azzawajaila Oneness of God and trust him as a Messenger of God, but I saw people crowded ngejek mock-call and disturb him in various ways until that time until noon, then start the dispersed from there.<br />Then I saw a woman came to him with water and a cloth, and he welcomed the water and drinking from it. Then he took it wudhuk of water, while she was pouring water for him, and when it opened a little bit her breast base. After finished berwudhuk, he then raised his head and said to her: Puteriku! next time cover tightly all the chest, and do not hesitate about your father! Some people ask: Who was she? They replied: It is Zainab, daughter - may Allaah be pleased anha.<br />(Majma'uz-Zawa'id 6:21) <br /><br />In the same history of Manbat Al-Azdi, he said: Once I saw the Prophet Muhammad in the days of ignorance, while he was calling people to Islam, he said: 'O people sekaliani Say' Laa llaaha lliallaah! " later you'll terselamat! " he called many times to anyone who he encountered. Unfortunately I see, there are people who spit in his face, threw some dirt and gravel into his face, there are insults at him, so that the midday time.<br />Then I saw there a woman came to him carrying a jug of water, so he then washed his face and hands while reassuring her feelings by saying: O my daughter! Do not bimbangkan father was kidnapped and killed for ... ! Manbat said: I asked: Who is she? Answer orangorang there: He was Zainab, daughter of Muhammad and his face Rasuluilah really beautiful.<br />(Majma'uz Zawa'id 6:21) <br />Posted by prince jerk at 05:51 0 comments <br />Hijab (veil / purdah) Wife-wife of the Prophet SAW <br />Anas bin Malik. said, 'The first time the verse of hijab was revealed when Prophet Muhammad married Zainab bint Jahsh. On the morning of the Prophet Muhammad married Zainab, he invited the people and they eat and then leave. A group of people still living with the Prophet. They remained there for a long time. Prophet Muhammad stood up and I went with him until we reached the door of the room 'Aisha. When he thought the men they had left, he returned and I returned with him and they were already gone. So he put a veil between me and him and then go down the verse about hijab,<br /><br />"O ye who believe! Do not enter the Prophet's house unless you're allowed to eat with no waiting time to cook (food), but if you're invited, so come on and when you finished eating you out without a great talk. Really so it would interfere with the Prophet, and Prophet embarrassment to you (to tell you to go out). (Qur'an 33:53)<br />And I was 15 years old at the time. <br /><br />According to Ibn Abbas, verse about hijab wives of the Prophet Muhammad Umar revealed when. was eating with the Prophet Muhammad. then his hand touched the hands of one of the Prophet's wife, the verse of hijab was revealed. The people asked Zuhri, "Who usually visited the Prophet's wives?" He replied, "Every person who has a relationship or descent that block sesusuan marriage". Asked, "What about the others?" He replied, "They had to disguise themselves from them. They must speak from behind a veil. And just tabirnya layer". Once, Umm Salamah and Maimunah were with the Prophet SAW, suddenly Ibn Umm Maktum signed. The event comes after the hijab is derived. Prophet Muhammad said to his wives, "Selubungilah yourselves from him." His wife asked, "O Prophet Muhammad, is not he blind?" He SAW replied, "Are you too blind? Do not you see?"<br />Posted by prince jerk at 05:50 0 comments <br />Wife-wife's house the Prophet SAW <br />When the Prophet's family group and Abu Bakr Ash-Siddiq ra. up in Medina, when the Prophet Muhammad was to build a mosque and the rooms around the mosque. Then the Prophet put them in a house owned by ra Nu'man ibn Haritha. Prophet Muhammad's marriage to refine 'Aisha in the room. And the Prophet Muhammad was buried in the same place. Nu'man ibn Haritha has several homes around the Nabawi mosque. When the Prophet Muhammad to marry someone, then Haritha will move from his house for him, so that eventually all the homes are used for the Prophet Muhammad and his wives. Prophet Muhammad made the entrance to the mosque door meialui 'Aisha. Thus narrated that when he was beri'tikaf, he nienjengukkan head of the mosque through the door of 'Aisha. then 'Aisha wash his head while she was menstruating.<br /><br />After the reshuffle after the reforms, ultimately house the Prophet's wives should be evicted at the time of Walid bin Abdul Malik. Abdullah bin Yazid berkata tentang kejadian penggusuran itu, "Aku melihat rumah-rumah istri Rasulullah SAW ketika dihancurkan oleh Umar bin Abdul Aziz pada masa kekhalifahan Walid bin Abdul Malik. Rumah-rumah itu disatukan dengan masjid. Rumah-rumah itu terbuat dari bata kering, dan ruangan-ruangannya dibuat dari batang pohon kurma yang disatukan dengan lumpur. Ada sembilan rumah dengan kamar-kamarnya. Rumah itu dimulai dari rumah 'Aisyah dengan pintu yang berhadapan dengan pintu kamar Rasulullah SAW, sampai rumah Asma' binti Hasan. Aku melihat rumah Ummu Salamah dan ruangan-ruangannya terbuat dari bata. Cucu laki-lakinya berkata, "Ketika Rasulullah SAW menyerang Dumatut jandal, Ummu Salamah membangun ruangan dengan bata. Ketika Rasulullah SAW datang dan melihat bata itu, beliau masuk menemui Ummu Salamah rha. dan bertanya, bangunan apa ini?' Dia menjawab, 'Ya Rasulullah SAW, aku ingin menghalangi pandangan orang'. Beliau SAW berkata, 'Wahai Ummu Salamah, hal terburuk bagi seorang Muslim dalam membelanjakan uangnya adalah untuk bangunan.'<br /><br />Di antara makam dan mimbar, terdapat kamar-kamar istri Rasulullah SAW yang terbuat dari batang pohon kurma dengan pintu-pintunya yang ditutupi dengan kain wol hitam. Dan pada hari surat Walid bin Abdul Malik dibacakan, yang memerintahkan agar kamar, kamar istri-istri Rasulullah SAW tersebut disatukan dengan masjid Nabi, banyak orang yang menangis kehilangan. Sa'id bin Musayab rah.a. juga bercerita tentang hari itu, 'Demi Allah, aku berharap bahwa kamar-kamar itu dibiarkan sebagaimana adanya, sehingga orang-orang Madinah dan para pengunjung dari jauh bisa melihat seolah-olah Rasulullah SAW masih hidup. Hal itu termasuk bagian dari hal-hal yang akan memberi semangat kepada umat untuk menahan diri dari mencari dan menyibukkan diri atas sesuatu yang tidak berguna di dunia ini'.<br /><br />lmran bin Abi Anas berkata, 'Di antara rumah-rumah itu ada empat buah rumah yang terbuat dari bata dengan kamar-kamar dari pohon kurma. Ada lima rumah dari batang pohon kurma dilapisi lumpur tanpa bata. Aku mengukur gordennya dan mendapati ukurannya tiga kali satu cubit, dan areanya itu sedemikian, lebih atau kurang. Sedangkan mengenai tangisan, aku bisa mengingat kembali diriku pada sebuah perkumpulan yang dihadiri sebagian sahabat Rasulullah SAW, termasuk Abu Salamah bin Abdurrahman, Abu Umamah bin Sahal, dan Kharijah bin Zaid. Mereka menangis sampai janggut mereka basah oleh air mata. Tentang hari itu Abu Umamah berkata, 'Seandainya mereka membiarkan dan tidak menghancurkannya sehingga orang-orang bisa menahan diri dari membangun bangunan dan mencukupkan dengan apa yang Allah ridhai pada Rasul-Nya walaupun kunci harta dunia di tangan beliau.' </div>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-67558151306070708412009-07-26T08:00:00.000-07:002009-07-26T08:01:10.281-07:00<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/DfNM4_ffyqg&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/DfNM4_ffyqg&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-5862918258889347372009-07-26T07:55:00.001-07:002009-07-26T07:55:48.034-07:00<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/DfNM4_ffyqg&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/DfNM4_ffyqg&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-33713344999881496672009-07-26T07:53:00.001-07:002009-07-26T07:53:17.062-07:00<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ub28R_ZGK3s&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ub28R_ZGK3s&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-38341695014222662882009-07-26T07:45:00.001-07:002009-07-26T07:45:47.344-07:00<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/sxku-18TCFs&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/sxku-18TCFs&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/GK9MeFw-xxA&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/GK9MeFw-xxA&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-55711287970246591782009-07-26T07:43:00.000-07:002009-07-26T07:44:01.421-07:00<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/E_TuyrpL3po&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/E_TuyrpL3po&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-14361184385936641952009-07-15T05:22:00.000-07:002009-07-15T05:26:55.028-07:00<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/OZfdLQSmoSs&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/OZfdLQSmoSs&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2948959220933950269.post-84143221498691767242009-07-15T05:06:00.000-07:002009-07-15T05:07:29.269-07:00nemu<object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/wCisFqEww9w&hl=en&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/wCisFqEww9w&hl=en&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>pangeran brengsekhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07893088254913482065noreply@blogger.com0